Mold is a type of fungus that grows in moist environments and can be found both indoors and outdoors. It typically appears as a fuzzy, discolored patch on surfaces such as walls, ceilings, carpets, and food.
While many types of molds are harmless and even beneficial to the environment (such as those used in cheese-making), certain molds can be harmful to human health, especially if they are inhaled or ingested. These dangerous molds can produce mycotoxins, toxic substances that can cause various health problems.
Some of the most common harmful molds include:
- Stachybotrys chartarum (also known as "black mold"): This is a toxic mold that can grow in areas with high moisture levels, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and basements. It can cause respiratory problems, fatigue, headaches, and other symptoms.
- Aspergillus: This is a common mold that can grow on a variety of surfaces, including food, soil, and decaying plant matter. Some species of Aspergillus can produce mycotoxins that can cause lung infections, asthma, and other respiratory problems.
- Penicillium: This mold is often found in water-damaged buildings and can cause respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other health issues.
- Cladosporium: This is a mold that can grow on a variety of surfaces, including carpets, wallpaper, and fabric. It can cause respiratory problems and skin irritation.
- Alternaria: This is a mold that is often found in damp areas such as bathrooms and kitchens. It can cause respiratory problems, allergic reactions, and asthma.